Joe [Catholic]: We don’t. Let me explain. First of all, belief in Christ means also to obey Him. This is shown in passages where the opposite of belief is disobedience, such as in 1 Peter 2:7 and John 3:36, where “believeth not” (KJV) is often translated “does not obey.” [e.g., NASB, RSV, NEB]
Martin: But Paul says “by grace are ye saved through faith, and that not of yourselves: it is the gift of God: not of works” (Eph 2:8-9).
Joe: We Catholics agree that salvation is completely the result of God’s grace. We condemned the heresy of Pelagianism, which denied this, way back in in the 6th century [2nd Council of Orange, 529 A. D.]. But the Bible doesn’t separate the “works of faith” (Gal 5:6; 1 Thess 1:3; 2 Thess 1:11), preceded and caused by grace, from salvation. It only condemns self-righteous “works” done apart from grace and faith.
Martin: Aw, come on! You can’t prove that from the Bible!
Joe: The Bible teaches that “by works a man is justified, and not by faith only” (Jas 2:24). St. Paul tells us to “work out your own salvation ... for it is God which worketh in you ...” (Phil 2:12-13). We will be judged after death based on our merit and works, which will determine our reward (Mt 16:27; Rom 2:5-13). But all our works derive their merit from Jesus’ work on our behalf. The notion of “faith alone” is foreign to St. Paul and the Bible.
Martin: God merely declares us righteous, even though we’re still sinners, since our righteousness is like “filthy rags” (Is 64:6). We can do nothing whatsoever to help save ourselves. Only Jesus’ blood covering up our sin (Rom 5:9) accounts for anything in God’s eyes.
Joe: Our good works aren’t worthless because they are derived, and flow from Jesus’ work for us. It’s wrong to claim that because God is absolutely holy, therefore man must be utterly evil. Man was created in God’s image (Gen 1:26-7). The Bible repeatedly teaches that God makes us holy when we freely follow Him. When referring to God’s removal of our sin, it uses words such as “cleansed” (1 Jn 1:7, 9), “purged” (Heb 1:3), “blotted out” (Acts 3:19), “wash away” (Acts 22:16), and “new creature” (2 Cor 5:17).
Martin: That’s sanctification, not justification. Protestants strongly support good works, but these have nothing to do with salvation.
Joe: So works are sort of like “Brownie points” with God?
Martin: [laughs] Well, we think that good works will get you more rewards in heaven, but they can’t help you get to heaven.
Joe: St. Paul says that Christians are simultaneously “washed, sanctified, and justified” (1 Cor 6:11), and that the “doers of the law shall be justified” (Rom 2:13). In Romans 5:18-19, he writes that “justification” is being “made righteous,” just as through Adam’s disobedience, we were “made sinners.” Since sin is actual, righteousness also is. Justification isn’t merely an external and legal declaration, but a real and internal change.
Martin: But can’t Catholics ever know that they’ve been saved (1 Jn 5:13)?
Joe: The only assurance in Scripture is that of obedience (Mt 25:31-46; 7:16-27). The Bible often warns against falling away from salvation (Gal 4:9; Col 1:23; 1 Tim 1:19; 4:1; Heb 3:12-14; 12:14-15; 2 Pet 2:20-21; Rev 2:4-5). For St. Paul, salvation is like a marathon (1 Cor 9:24-27). One must be disciplined and trained, lest he be disqualified and become a castaway on the Last Day. Thus, salvation is a lifelong process, not just a matter of one-time repentance.
Dave ArmstrongMartin: You’ve given me a lot of Scripture verses to ponder. I always thought that Catholics couldn’t come up with any biblical support for their views, especially concerning salvation. If you guys don’t believe in salvation by works, we’re not nearly as different as it is so often claimed. I think that’s good news! Thanks for sharing this information with me.
Dave Armstrong has been a published Catholic apologist since 1993. Dave has written or edited 48 books on apologetics, including several bestsellers. If you’d like to help keep his influential teaching apostolate going as a much-needed monthly supporter, write to Dave at [email protected].
